"In 1892, in the psychological conference, Hugo Mü nsterberg expressed the belief that it is not a lie that is detected, but the emotions that accompany it (Burtt 1965). The Word Association Test proves that the reactions accompanying a lie consist not only of emotions but also a certain intellectual effort, necessary on behalf of the lying person. It goes without saying and is supported by Trovillo (Trovillo 1938/39) that the fi rst to have described the essence of a test using word associations was Francis Galton (1822–1911) in 1879 (Galton 1879)."(...)